Krebs Cycle The Krebs Cycle (Source: Wikimedia) Also called as the Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle, or simply the Citric Acid cycle, the Krebs cycle (identified by Hans Adolf Krebs) is an 8-step process that involves 18 different enzymes. In simpler terms, the pyruvate from glycolysis is oxidized (converted) to acetyl coA, one molecule of NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), and one molecule of carbon dioxide.Ģ.Such reaction is the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate by the Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). After glycolysis, there is a so-called “link reaction” that occurs.However, two molecules are consumed during the preparatory phase, hence, resulting to a net of just two ATP molecules. While the above equation shows that glycolysis produce two ATP molecules, four molecules are actually produced during the entire process.Some bacteria will produce methane (a flammable gas) as a product of anaerobic respiration.C 6H 12O 6 + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 P → 2 pyruvic acid, (CH 3(C=O)COOH + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 H+ =Glucose → Methane + Carbon Dioxide (and a little energy is released)= Ethanol is a type of alcohol and this is why yeast is used to make beer and wine. =Glucose → Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide (and a little energy is released)=Īnaerobic respiration in plant cells and some microorganisms (such as yeast) produces ethanol and carbon dioxide, as opposed to lactic acid. This type of respiration may be used when, for example, an animal is being chased by a predator. The lactic acid is later be broken down into carbon dioxide and water. The build up of lactic acid is one of the reasons our muscles are often sore after intense exercise. In mammals anaerobic respiration cannot be sustained for long periods of time as the build up of lactic acid would become toxic (the acidity affects proteins in our tissues). While anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen it is less efficient, producing significantly less energy for each Glucose molecule. Energy production can be supplement by breaking down Glucose into Lactic acid. In mammals, during periods of intense physical activity, there may not be sufficient oxygen for aerobic respiration to meet the energy demands of the contracting muscle cells. =Glucose → Lactic Acid (and a little energy is released)= =Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water (and lots of energy)=Īnaerobic respiration is a type of respiration that ''does not use oxygen''. Glucose reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water as well as a large amount of energy (ATP) Cells with high energy demand such as muscle cells or motile cells such as sperm cells will have large numbers of mitochondria in order to produce sufficient cellular energy (ATP) through respiration.Īerobic respiration is a type of respiration that ''requires oxygen''. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria. '''ATP''' is a small energy carrier molecule that can be used by all the different cell organelles and is required in virtually every cellular process. This usable form of energy is known as ATP (adenosine triphosphate). '''Cellular respiration''' is the process by which the chemical bonds of energy-rich molecules, such as glucose, are converted into a form of energy usable for life processes. However, the chemical potential energy in food must be converted to a form that is actually usable by all our cellular components. The food we eat contains the energy we require for all our cellular processes.
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